Change-speed gear



.lauf-13, 1931. c. c. CAPPA 1,789,271

CHANGE SPEED GEAR n med veo. 13. 1929 4 sums-snm 1 s. c. cAPPA CHANGE SPEED GEAR Filed Deo.

- 1s, 192e 4 sneetgf-sneeut 2 -Jan'.13, 1931. c.. QCAPPA l1,789,271

CHANGE SPEEDv GEAR Filed Deo.- 13. 1929 4 Smets-,Sheet 3,

ZL/venan Jan. 13, 19.31".y Q @AFPA ."CHANGE SPEED GEAR 4 sneetssnntk, 4

Filed Dec.' 15, n lze Patented Jan. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GIULIO CESARE CAP-PA, OF TURIN, ITALY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO'C. E. vS. A.v

SOCIETA COSTRUZIONI ELETTROMECCANICHE DI SARONNO, OF MILAN, ITALY, A

COMPANY OF ITALY CHAN (1E-SPEED GEAR Application led December 18, 1929, Serial No. 413,866, and in Italy December 20, 1928.

The present invention relates to transmission gears with speed change in which a driving shaft may be connected, by control means, with a secondary shaft which imparts its rotation to a driven shaft through toothed gears carried separatelyin operative conditions by control means independent of the first named ones. f

This invention has for its object a transmission-gear of this class, in which two pinions are loose on adriving shaft and are able to be made solid therewith, they meshing, one of them directly and the other one through the intermediary of an idle pinion` with two toothed wheels solid with a secondary shaft while pinions loose on said intermediate shaft and in mesh withpinions of driven shaft are able to be made solid with said toothed wheels. It is thus possible to secure the same number of speed ratios both in forward running and in reverse running, to propel a vehicle` provided with this transmission gear at will in either direction under the same conditions.

This invention also` includes features dir rected to arrangement of gears and the provision of hydraulic control means to cause the operative engagement of said loose pinions mounted on secondary shaft.

Two embodiments of' a transmission gear according to this invention are shown by Way of example on the annexed drawings in which: v

Figure 1 is a longitudinalsection of a first construction with hydraulic control, said section being made on broken line 1--11- 1-1 of Fig. 2;

Figure 2 is a transverse section on line 2-1-2 of Figure 1; y

Figure 3 is a fragmentary section on broken line 1--3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a plan view of the same gear;

Figure 5 illustrates a control quadrant for gears mounted on driving shaft;

Figure 6 shows a control quadrant for gears carried by secondary shaft;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal section, similar to Figure 1, of a transmission gear according to `the present invention having mechanical control means. v

In the constructions illustrated in Figure 1-6, 1 is a driving shaft, 2 is a secondary idle shaft, 3 is a driven shaft, 4 is a countershaft for reversel drive; said shafts are mounted, preferably by .ball or roller bearings, in the end walls of a casing 83 and in partitions 84 of the same. v i f The driving shaft 1, which is hollow, carries at one end a anged sleeve 5 for coupling it with the drive from engine (not shown), and on said shaft inions 6 and 8 are loose, but stationary in ongitudinal direction, they being able to be made solid with said shaft by means of claw coupling sleeves 7 and 9 located under the control of actuating forks 12 and 13 slidable on spindle 91 and actuated by a crank 92 and control shaft 93 as shown in Figure 2 with respect'to fork 12. A further pinion 10is loose on shaft 1 andis solid with a sleeve 11 which has at one end coupxling teethf95 adapted to engage front teet 96 of pinion 6; pinion 10 may be moved longitudinally, for carrying it into or out of engagement, by means of a fork 14 which may be manipulated and locked by a stop pin 15 adapted to be inserted in either of positions 15-15 as shown in Figure 4.

In registerl with pinion 6 .is located a toothed wheel. 17' meshing with said pinion 6 and integral with secondary idle shaft' 2; shaft 2 has integral therewith a further toothed wheel 18 cooperating with pinion 8 through the intermediary of an idle pinion 56 mounted on shaft 4 and meshin with s'aid pinion 8 and Wheel 18 (Figure 2%.V

0n each side of wheel 17 v-two disks 19v and 2() are loose onfshaft 2 they having toothed rims 97 and 98 meshing respectively with pinions 49 and 5() solid with splined driven shaft 3. Disk 19 'has also a toothed rim 85 in mesh with pinion 10.

Wheel 17 with disks 19 and 20 and parts hereinafter described for their coupling, and also toothed rims 97, 98 meshing with pinions 49 and 50 of driven shaft 3, provide a compact set located within compartment 99 of casing 83 which also encloses pinion 6 and its coupling sleeve 7, and pinion 10.

A similar set is provided, in casi fr compartment 100, consistin lof toothed w eel 18 having two side loose fsks 21 and 22 whose toothed rims 101-102 are in mesh with pinions 514 and 52of t e driven shaft 3. Said driven shaftY 3 solid therewith, through they shaft-3 is splined for its/ driving engagement with inions 49, 50, 51 and 52 and 1t extends outsi e of said casing at both ends where it is provided with flexible fork couplings 53 and 54 for its connection with the driven members of the vehicle.'

To couple each of pinions 6 and 8 vwith shaft 1 t rough the intermediary offorks 12 and 13, control means similar to thosede-- scribed with respect tojcrank 92 and control shaft 93 are used, said means comprising an' arm 88 ada ted to takethree positions on lockin qua rant 87 (Figure 5) the central one `o said positions corresponds with conditions of Figure l that is with idle running, both pinions 6 and 8 bein released from shaft 1, while the right hand position'corresponds with engagement of sleeve 7 with pinion 6 and therefore with forward drive, and position corresponds with the engagement o sleeve 9 with pinion 8 and' therefore with reverse drive. The manipulation of said control means thereforeputs the transmission gear in conditions preparatory to forward running or reverse running, in-

. dependent of the -actual ltransmission' of drlve.

Disks 19-20--21- 22 aremade operative for drive transmission by engaging a single one of them at a time with shaft 2 by control means hereinafter described and which, in the construction of Fi ures 1-6, are operated byfiuid pressure. he manipulation of said control means therefore puts the gear in position for first, second, third or fourthspeed, res ectively,to

produce actual transmission o the drive. l

The drive of drivingshaft 1 is normally;

' transmitted to driven shaft 3 by means of either of pinions v6 or 8 of shaft'^'1,-co operat ino* wheel 17 or 18 and idle pinion 56,` 1eof clisks 19f-20--21-22 of shaft 2 and respective pinion 49, 50, 51 or52 of drlven shaft 3.

Thus adouble set of speeds is secured: lby

preparatorily couplin pinion 6 with shaft 1 four forward spee s maybe secured, by coupling either of disks 19--20-21-22 with cooperating lwheel 17 or 18; on the contrary by preparatorily coupling inion 8 withshaft 1 four reverse speeds may e secured by couplingeither of said disks and cooperating wheel.

'When the control means for coupling disks l--20--21-22 with wheel 17 or 18 1s of a fluid pressurev or similar type, to secure the actual transmission of drive which would fail in the event of trouble vin saidcontrol means. the driving shaft 1 mav be coupled with driven shaft 3 bymeans of pinion 10 which may be moved along shaft 1 and coupled therewith in o erative posit-ion by engage ment of its teetl v95 with teeth 96 of pinion 6 which in turn is made solid with shaft 1 by coupling sleeve 7 said pinion 10 by meshing lclutch disks 23-24-425426 ably oil, to act in t intermediary of toothed rim 97 of disk 19 en aging said pinion 49. v y

s above referred to, interconnection of either lof disks 19--20--21-22 with wheels '17 or 18 is made by means of fluid pressure means (Figures 1-4 and 6) comprising clutches or disks 23-24-25-26 located in recessedseats -of wheels 17 and 18, and be,- tween said wheels k17 and' A18 1 and disks 19-20-21--22 correspondin thereto, said eing engaged in rotation with wheels 17 and 18 by means of studs'86 which provide for a longitudi-l nal motion thereof, as permitted by their ported hubs 23', 24', 25', 26', and having friction clutchA rims 103, 104, 105, 106 on their faces opposite disks 19-`-20-21-22;

thus by shifting disks 23,-#424-25--26 away-l 4from either wheel '17 or 18'the friction en- 2 which is hollow and has ports 38-39-40 openlng through its wall and putting its inside in communication with the sump ofthe gear casing, and also ports 41, 42, 43., 44 eachl `of which connects its inside with the space 107, 108, 109, 110 at the rear of one of disks 23, 24, 25, 26. Within shaft 2 is mounted to move longitudinally a sleeve 27 having ports 30--31---32 adapted to register with said several'p'orts of shaft 2, in accordance with the position of sleeve 27. The sleeve 27 is connected by a part 29 and an, antifriction member 111 with a drum 33 mounted to slide longitudinally in'a cylindrical seat 90 and having, on a generatrix, teeth 112 in mesh with a pinion 113 solid with aspindle 34. lSaid spindle is connected on one side by means of a swivel coupling 35 (Figure 4) with a manipulating member which provides for rotating it, as Well as with a member 36 (Figure 6) which moves on a quadrant 37 from which it is possible to detect the position of sleeve 27 and therefore the conditions of operation of the gear.

In the conditions 'shown in Figure 1 the inseam i bushings and bearings l which are thus lubriengagement with cated and cooled. y l e In other operative positions ofwsleeve v 27 one of its ports 30-f311-32 registers'with respective one f'ports 41-42'-43.44 of `shaft 2 and-there ore o il flows in spaceg107, 108,`-

109, 110 at `the rear .of cooperating disk 2 3-'24-25-26 which is thus forced into its cooperating. disk 19-20-21--22 and Wheel 17, 18; the drive is thus transmitted under one of 'fourspeeds permitted b the gear.

In the em odiment of Figures 1-6 the fluid circula-ting pump is provided in the gear it-v self which comprises a spindle 57 (Figure 1) within the hollow shaft 1, saidspindlel being coupled at 58 with the engine shaft and having a pinion 59 keyed 4on its other end;`this pinion drives a gear pump 62, 63` (Figure 3) y means of apinion drive 60-60-61 enclosed in a casing'compartment 115 provided therefor. i j Oil circulationis thus secured also when the gear is in idle running position, this fea' ture vsecuring an immediate operation of the gear at the time of'startingand further in suring lubrication vand cooling of severalv members when the vehicle is stationary and vthe transmission gear is operating idle.

Pump 62-63 draws oil from casing sump 116 through duct64-65 and forces it'to 'an Vadjustable spring operated valve "66-67 which reduces its pressure and leads it. into tube 68 and therefore into'pipe 28, casing 89 and sleeve 27.

The .pressure of oil supplied to pipe28 could be generated by an other construction. f

o-clean the oil discharged through shaft 2 in idle running position and through valve v66-67 when the gear is in drivin'gposltlon,

said oil is collected byv a horizontal sheetmetal tray 69 having transverse and longi-y tudinal partitions 7 0- 71 providing a number of decantation chambers 117 in which the heavier impurities conve ed by oil are collected. .Oi 117'passes then i'nto sump 116 having 1n turn a series of transverse and longitudlnal ribs 72 and 73providin a number of decantation lchambers 118 whic secure removal'of lighter impurities. Finally oil passing to the pump through the suction duct 64-65` flows through perforations 74 which may be pro',

vided with a filter gauze.

The oil. is stored in two chambers 7 5-7 6 (Figs. 2 and 4) cast integral with ear casing 83 and intercommunicating at t e1r y.bottom at 77 (Fig. 2). The gear casing 83 1s 1n .communication with the atmosphere by means of vents 78Y (Fig. 1) and 79 (Fig. 2),

l while the -space inside the reservoir 75 is sealed to prevent the entrance of air from outside. To fill reservoir 75 a'plug 80 is pro,-

vided which opens in an inner space having a a circulating pump of overflowing rom said chambersl filter 8 1 and a safety valve (not shown) lery mitting of filling itwithout entrance o air fr m outside. l

uch an arrangementprovides for securing)a suitably low and constant oillevel in 'the gear s ump'116, while maintaining a Inaterially high oil level in said reservoir 75. Thus a large bodyof lubricatingoil is stored `Whichacts also to dissipate heat.l absorbed are' actuated separately by' control means adapted to carry -each time one of'disks 19-20-21-22 1n engagement with cooperatingwheel '17 or 18 or to leave all'said disks loose. p l

Asl to the transmission vintermediate the vdriving' shaft and the driven shaft, the'con-y ditions` are entirely similar to those described vinrespect to` construction embodying hy-k draulic control means.

. In both constructions, for operation,whenv both pinions 6 and Bare released, the gear is idle; when either ofsaid pinions is made solid-with shaft 1 and either ofl'disks 19, .20,

21g, 22 is made'solid with adjacent wheel 17A y or18 and therefore with secondary shaft `2,

the drive is transmitted' from shaft 1 to shaft 2 andV then to shaft 3 by means ofthe one of d1sks'19, v20, 21, 2 2 which has meslied with shaft 2 and cooperateswith one of pinions 49,50, 51,52; when pinion 8 is engaged with shaft 1, therotation of shaft 3 is reversed owing to operation of idle pinion 56.

Furthermore, in the construction ofFigJy ures 1-6 'the drive may be imparted to shaft 3 by coupling pinion 6 with shaft 1 and pinvion 10 with saidpinion 6 and leaving all other members loose,` the drive being then through 10, 85, 19, 97, 49`to shaft 3. t

The gearing according to this inventionl provides for securing a high speed reduction intermediateI driving shaft :1 and drivenshaft 3, such a feature removing necessity for inserting a reducing gear intermediate driven shaft 3 and driven members of the vehicle. y

The arrangement of toothed Vwheelsot shaft 2 which receive the drive from shaft 1, and of control means on two sides of the same. rovides a compact construction which y there ore is quite strong andrequires a reduced space. I

Finally the use of a driven shaft extending from gear casing at its two ends provides for direct drive both to front Wheel set and rear wheel set of the vehicle on which this transmission gear is mounted.

5 hat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent is 1. A transmission gear with pinion speed change, com )rising a driving shaft` a secondary idle'sha t and a driven shaft'journalled in a casing, two drivin pinions loose on said driving shaft, means or engaging either of said driving pinions with said driving shaft, a toothed wheel fastwith said secondary idle shaft and meshing with one of said driving pinions, an idle pinion meshing with the other one o'f said driving pinions, a second toothed wheel fast with said secondary idle shaft and meshing with said idle pinion, a loose pinion at each side of each of said toothed wheels on said secondary idle shaft, means for selectively engaging any of said loose pinions with said toothed wheel adjacent thereto, and driven pini ons fast with said driven shaft and each meshing with one of said loose pinions.v

2. A transmissionrgear with pinion speed change, comprising `a driving shaft, a secondary idle shaftand a driven shaft journalled in a casing. two driving inions'loose on said driving shaft, means or engaging either of said driving pinions with said driving shaft, a toothed wheel fast with said secondary idle shaft and meshing with one of said driving pinions, an idle pinion meshing with the other one of said drlving pinions, a

second toothed wheel fast with said secondary idle shaft and meshing with said idle pinion, a loose pinionat each side of each of said toothed wheels on said secondary idle shaft, claw coupling means on each of said pinions and toothed Wheels, driven pinions fast with said driven shaft and each meshing with one of said loose pinions, and means for selectively operating said claw coupling means.

3. A transmission gear with pinion speed ary idleshaft and a driven shaft, means at both ends of said driven shaft for connection with parts tobe driven by the gear, a casing in which all of said shafts are journalled, two drivingA pinions loose on said driving shaft, means for engaging either of said driving pinions with said driving shaft, a toothed Wheel fast with said secondary idle shaft and idle pinion meshing with the other one of said driving pinions, a second toothed wheel fast with said secondary idle shaft and meshing with said idle pinion, a set of loose pinions for each of said toothed Wheels on said secondary idle shaft said set ofpinions comprising one pinion on each side of each of said toothed wheels, means for selectively engaging any of said loose pinions with said change, comprising a driving shaft, a second# meshing with one ofy said driving pinions, an.

pinions fast with said driven shaft and each meshing with one of said loose pinions.

4. A transmission gear with pinion speed change, comprising a casing, a driving shaft, a secondary idle shaft and a driven shaft j ournalled in said casing, toothed wheels fast with said secondary idle shaft, means on said driving shaft for imparting rotary motion to either of said toothed whecls, a. loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of said toothed wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, a friction clutch member intermediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed wheel adjacent thereto, and liquid pressure means for actuating said friction clutch members.

5, A transmission gear with pinion speed change, comprising a casing, a driving shaft, a secondary idle shaft and a. driven shaft journalled in said casing, a toothed wheels fast with said secondary idle shaft, means on lsaid driving shaft for imparting rotary motion to either' of said toothed wheels, a loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of said toothed Wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, a friction clutch member intermediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed wheel adjacent thereto` sliding means 4for connecting each of said clutch members with the toothed wheel adjacent thereto and liquid pressure means forurging said friction clutch members against its co'- operating loose pinion.

6. A transmission gear with pinion speed change, comprising a casing, a driving shaft, a secondary idle shaft and a driven shaft j ournalled. in said casing, toothed wheels fast with said secondary idle shaft, means on said driving shaft for imparting rotary motionk to either of said toothed wheels, a loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of said toothed wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, a friction clutch member inter-v `mediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed Wheel adjacent thereto, pins projecting from each side of each of said toothed wheels in a direction arallel with the axis of said secondary sha1?, said pins being engaged in holes of said clutch members adjacent thereto, and liquid pressure means for said driving shaft for imparting rotary motionto either of said toothed'wheels, a loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of sald toothed wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, a` friction clutch member intermediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed wheel adjacent thereto, a cooperating wedge-shaped rim and groove onv opposite faces of each of said clutch members and adjacent loose pinions, and liquid pressure means for acting on any one of said clutch members to urge it against its cooper-` ating loose pinion.

8. A transmission gear with pinion speed change, comprising a casing, a driving shaft, a secondary hollow idle shaft and a driven shaft journalled in said casing, toothed wheels fast withsaid secondary idle shaft, means on said driving shaft for imparting rotary motion `to either of said toothed wheels, a loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of said toothed wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, a movable disc intermediate each of said loose pinions andthe toothed Wheel adjacent thereto, each of said discs defining a chamber between itself and the adjacent toothed wheel, 'said secondaryl hollow shaft havingholes, each opening lin one of said chambers, means for feeding a liquid under pressure in said hollow secondary shaft and means for selectively opening the one of said holes leading to any of said to either ofsaid toothed wheels, a loose pin,- f

ion on said secondaryshaft at each side of each of said toothed wheels, pinions on saidy driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinlons, a frlction clutch member intermediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed wheel adjacent thereto, a pump, connecting means between the driving shaft and the pump, and liquid passage means between the pump and clutch members, whereb liquid Y chambers for urging the respective disc against its cooperating loose pinion to couple it with the respective toothed wheel.

9. A transmission gear with pinion speed Y change, comprising a casing, a driving shaft, a secondary hollow idle shaft and a driven shaft j ournalled in said casing, toothed wheels fast with said secondary idle shaft, means on said driving shaft for imparting rotary motion to either of said toothed wheels, a loose pinion on said secondary shaft at each side of each of said toothed wheels, pinions on said driven shaft each meshing with one of said loose pinions, amovable disc intermediate each of said loose pinions and the toothed wheel adjacent thereto, each of said discs defining a chamber between itself and the adj'acent toothed wheel, said secondary hollow shaft having holes each openingin one of said chambers, means for feeding a liquid under pressure in said hollow secondary shaft, and a hollow member in said hollow secondary shaft having` ports adapted to register selectively with said holes of said hollow secondary shaft for supplying liquid under pressure into any of said chambers for urging the respective disc against its cooperating loose pinion to couple it with the respective toothed wheel. v

10. A transmission gear with pinion s eed change, comprising a casing, a driving s aft, asecondary idle shaft and a driven shaft journalled in said casing, toothed wheels fast with said secondary idle shaft, means on said driving shaft for imparting rotary motion 

